Chapter 55
55.1 – physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems
55.2 – energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems
55.3 – energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient
55.4 – biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems
55.5 – restoration ecologists help return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state
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Chapter 56
56.1 – human activities threaten Earth's biodiversity
56.4 – distribution of local and global ecosystems change over time
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